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THE HOUSE OF USHER
aka
THE FALL OF THE HOUSE OF USHER
Rating: 
USA. 1960.
Director/Producer – Roger Corman, Screenplay – Richard Matheson, Based on the Short Story by Edgar Allan Poe, Cinematography – Floyd Crosby, Music – Les Baxter, Photographic Effects – Ray Mercer, Process Photography – Larry Butler, Special Effects – Pat Dinga, Makeup – Fred Phillips, Production Design – Daniel Haller. Production Company – Alta Vista/AIP.
Cast:
Vincent Price (Roderick Usher), Mark Damon (Philip Winthrop), Myrna Fahey (Madeleine Usher), Harry Ellerbe (Bristol)
Plot: Philip Winthrop travels from Boston to see his fiancée Madeleine at the forbidding New England Usher family mansion. He is greeted by her brother Roderick who tells him that Madeleine is sick and that he must leave. But Winthrop persists. He learns that both Roderick and Madeleine are infected with the family’s hereditary sickness, which causes a hyper-acuteness of all the senses – Winthrop must wear slippers because the sound of footfalls are an agony to their ears; the light must be kept shaded and the rooms curtained; and all but the most bland of gruel is pain to their taste buds. But then Madeleine falls dead and is buried in the family crypt. But just as Winthrop is about to depart, he discovers that Madeleine suffers from catalepsy and has been buried alive.
There is a cult that surrounds Roger Corman. There is one part of the cult, a large part fostered by Corman himself, that celebrates Roger Corman the legendary B movie director/producer – Corman who could make a movie in two days (including the time taken to write the script); who could take footage from Russian sf films and write not one but at least three entire other films around it; who could come in under shooting schedule on one film and decide on the spot to shoot material for another film using the same sets and stars; and who had the unerring eye to pick up and coming talent, including giving early career breaks to names like Jack Nicholson, Ron Howard, Joe Dante, Francis Ford Coppola, Peter Bogdanovich, Peter Fonda, Jonathan Demme and James Cameron, among many others. Corman began producing with the detective film Highway Dragnet (1954) and then started directing with the Western Five Guns West (1955), but it was at AIP (American International Pictures) that he made a name for himself churning out cheap but entertaining B-monster movies. (See bottom of the page for a list of Roger Corman’s other genre films).
There is another half to the Roger Corman legend and that is Roger Corman the serious filmmaker. This is something that began here with The House of Usher. Corman was clearly inspired by the success that England’s Hammer Films had had with their new colour adaptations of the Universal classics, The Curse of Frankenstein (1957) and Dracula/The Horror of Dracula (1958), in the previous few years. The success of these and the whole host of other remakes, sequels and original subjects that Hammer would conduct over the next decade inspired a huge international interest in Gothic horror. The same year, Mario Bava created a continental Gothic horror boom in Italy beginning with Black Sunday (1960). And so Corman turned to American writer Edgar Allan Poe for his subject matter. Of course Corman had a big problem in persuading AIP producers Samuel Z. Arkoff and James H. Nicholson to allow him to make a film in colour and with a substantially greater budget than the rest of his films. It was a time when AIP often used to make their monster movies by first coming up with a novelty poster and then creating a film to go with it and so Corman had difficulty getting them to understand The House of Usher – he tells an amusing story about how he persuaded them during a pitch session that it would be a film in which the house was the monster. Even so Arkoff and Nicholson insisted on paring down Edgar Allan Poe’s story title so it could fit on a billboard.
But The House of Usher was the film that proved that Roger Corman was a serious filmmaker and one that suddenly had his work suddenly reevaluated by critics in the 1960s. And after the big success he had with The House of Usher, Corman spun out a series of other Poe based films – Pit and the Pendulum (1961), Premature Burial (1962), Tales of Terror (1962), The Raven (1963), the Poe-titled but H.P. Lovecraft adapted The Haunted Palace (1963), The Masque of the Red Death (1964) and The Tomb of Ligeia (1964). And when Corman tired of making Edgar Allan Poe films, AIP carried on their own series of loosely Poe based or related films – The City Under the Sea/War-Gods of the Deep (1965), The Oblong Box (1969), Cry of the Banshee (1970), Murders in the Rue Morgue (1971), even renaming the US release of the historical witch persecution film Matthew Hopkins – Witchfinder General (1968) as The Conqueror Worm, and so on.
Corman never quite made any other of his Edgar Allan Poe films (except The Masque of the Red Death) with quite the successful balance of mood and design that he achieved here. What Corman did was to undercut the floridness of Hammer Gothic with the moody intellectual angst of Ingmar Bergman – Corman was a great admirer of Bergman and you can see Bergman’s clear influence particularly on The Masque of the Red Death. It resulted in a form that achieved a level of moodily gloom-laden and thunderously overwrought melodrama. Corman accomplishes some nicely subtle effects at times, but mostly The House of Usher succeeds on its own level of torturous angst – the climax with Vincent Price and the crazed Myrna Fahey fighting as the house burns around them and the house’s final descent to be swallowed up in the tarn is superlative. Vincent Price is persuaded to turn the usual hamminess of his acting towards a painfully anguished performance. In fact it was this line in tortured, weak-livered aristocracy that made Price’s career for the next two decades. He is aided immensely by Richard Matheson’s nicely formal 19th Century dialogue, which is perfect in describing almost unspeakable agonies. (Matheson conducts a fine adaptation in which, unlike almost all other Poe screen adaptations, he manages to pad the essential short story out to feature length without any obvious signs).
The other form of aid that Roger Corman gets is from production designer Daniel Haller – the opening scenes as Mark Damon makes his way by horseback across a burned-out landscape of blackened, skeletal trees, scorched turf and billowing mist to the singular, striking charcoal grey facade of the house is a piece of unforgettable mood setting. (Here Corman was entrepreneurially able to grab a camera and go out to the scene of a brush fire in the Hollywood Hills and shoot the blasted heath). Equally good are Bert Schoenberg’s briefly glimpsed, amazingly tortured paintings that stand in for portraits of the Usher family – in fact they, like the entire film, give the impression of being the dramatic equivalent of an Edvard Munch painting.
Other adaptations of the Edgar Allan Poe story are:– Jean Epstein’s avant garde French silent short The Fall of the House of Usher (1928), a rather dreary and not very faithful British version The Fall of the House of Usher (1948), the inept tv variation The Fall of the House of Usher (1979) with Martin Landau, Jesus Franco’s cheap The Fall of the House of Usher (1983) with Howard Vernon, Harry Alan Towers’ equally cheap House of Usher (1989) with Oliver Reed, and Ken Russell’s demented variation The Fall of the Louse of Usher (2002).
Corman’s The House of Usher was later directly spoofed in Elvira’s Haunted Hills (2002).
Aside from the abovementioned Poe films, Roger Corman’s other genre films as director are:– Day the World Ended (1955), It Conquered the World (1956), Not Of This Earth (1956), War of the Satellites (1956), Attack of the Crab Monsters (1957), The Saga of the Viking Women and Their Journey to the Waters of the Great Sea Serpent (1957), The Undead (1957), Teenage Caveman (1958), A Bucket of Blood (1959), The Wasp Woman (1959), The Last Woman on Earth (1960), The Little Shop of Horrors (1960), Creature from the Haunted Sea (1961), Tower of London (1962), The Terror (1963), X – The Man with X-Ray Eyes (1963), The Trip (1967), Gas; or It Became Necessary to Destroy the World in Order to Save It (1970) and Frankenstein Unbound (1990). Corman has made over 300 film as producer, which are too numerous to list here.
Richard Matheson has been a prolific genre screenwriter and novelist. His other genre works include The Incredible Shrinking Man (1957) based on his own novel, the Jules Verne adaptation Master of the World (1961), the occult film Night of the Eagle/Burn, Witch, Burn (1961), the Corman-produced mortician’s comedy The Comedy of Terrors (1963), The Last Man on Earth (1964) based on his novel I Am Legend (1954), the Hammer psycho-thriller The Fanatic/Die, Die, My Darling (1965), the classic Hammer occult film The Devil Rides Out/The Devil’s Bride (1968), the historical biopic De Sade (1969), Steven Spielberg’s first film Duel (1971), The Night Stalker (1972) and The Night Strangler (1973) tv movies, the haunted house film The Legend of Hell House (1973) from his novel, the tv adaptation of Dracula (1974), the tv movies Scream of the Wolf (1974), The Stranger Within (1974), Trilogy of Terror (1975), Dead of Night (1977) and The Strange Possession of Mrs Oliver (1977), the tv adaptation of Ray Bradbury’s The Martian Chronicles (1980), the time travel romance Somewhere in Time (1980) from his own novel, Jaws 3-D (1983), Twilight Zone – The Movie (1983), and numerous classic episodes of The Twilight Zone, Thriller and Star Trek. Works based on his novels are The Omega Man (1971) from his I Am Legend, What Dreams May Come (1998), Stir of Echoes (1999) and I Am Legend (2007).
Star Mark Damon made a career as a leading man in Italy following The House of Usher and then in the 1980s returned to Hollywood where he became a producer with the likes of 9½ Weeks (1986), Short Circuit (1986), The Lost Boys (1987) and The Jungle Book (1994), among many others. Production designer Daniel Haller later went onto become a director himself, making in particular two efforts, Die, Monster, Die/Monster of Terror (1965) and The Dunwich Horror (1969), that adapt H.P. Lovecraft but draw upon the brooding, redolent style of Roger Corman’s Poe films.
Copyright Richard Scheib 1991
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